http://projectliberty.org/resources/whitepapers/SIM_Strong_Authentcation_Whitepaper.pdf
"This paper presents an innovative service called SIM strong authentication service that extends the usage of GSM SIM authentication to Internet Web services. The goal of this proof-of-concept is to demonstrate the possibility of implementing innovative service in a heterogeneous environment using Liberty Alliance Federation Standard. Telenor, Axalto, Linus and Oslo University College have implemented a proof-of-concept prototype in Oslo. The architecture is based on a multi-vendor environment where SUN provides the Identity Provider, IBM the Identity Provider and Service Provider Proxy to connect non-Liberty Alliance Service Providers to the system, Lucent Technologies the Radius server and Ulticom the SS7 MAP Authentication Gateway connecting the prototype to the Telenor mobile network. A typical user flow for such a service would be the case of a user browsing on the World Wide Web from home, a customer premise, an Internet café, etc. When trying to access a protected resource such as Webmail, company portal, or bank account, he logs on to the requested secured site simply by placing his mobile phone close by and communicating with his PC via Bluetooth, or using a SIM card-equipped dongle, card reader, or 2G/3G PC card. This service is available anywhere and can support any Internet services. It is ideal for services like Internet Banking, eAdministration or enterprise internal web pages. The SIM strong authentication is both user-friendly and cost efficient, with a low deployment threshold. The technology is also capable of supporting other Smart-Card based identity services such as USIM (UMTS), certificate based schemes (E.g. TLS) and One Time Password schemes (OTP). A demonstration of the SIM based service is being demonstrated at the 3GSM World Congress in Barcelona, February 2006."